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The Washington
Post
Court Limits Student
Free-Speech Rights
By PETE YOST, AP
washingtonpost.com from the Web, June 25, 2007
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Attorney
Kenneth Starr, third from left, accompanied by former drug policy
czar Barry McCaffrey, right, and others, gestures outside the
Supreme Court in Washington, Monday, March 19, 2007, after he argued
before the court that a high school principal was acting reasonably
and in accord with the school's anti-drug mission when she suspended
a student for displaying a "Bong Hits 4 Jesus" banner. The
student's banner got slapped down by the Supreme Court in a decision
Monday June 25, that restricts student speech rights when the
message seems to advocate illegal drug use.
(AP Photo/Evan Vucci) |
WASHINGTON -- A high school
student's "Bong Hits 4 Jesus" banner got slapped down by the Supreme Court in a
decision Monday that restricts student speech rights when the message seems to
advocate illegal drug use.
The court ruled 5-4 in the case of Joseph Frederick, who unfurled his handiwork
at a school-sanctioned event in 2002, triggering his suspension and leading to a
lengthy court battle.
"The message on Frederick's banner is cryptic," Chief Justice John Roberts said.
But the school principal who suspended him "thought the banner would be
interpreted by those viewing it as promoting illegal drug use, and that
interpretation is plainly a reasonable one," Roberts said in the majority
opinion.
In a concurrence, Justices Samuel Alito and Anthony Kennedy said the court's
opinion "goes no further" than speech interpreted as dealing with illegal drug
use.
"It provides no support" for any restriction that goes to political or social
issues, they said.
In dissent, Justice John Paul Stevens said the ruling "does serious violence to
the First Amendment."
Students in public schools don't have the same rights as adults, but neither do
they leave their constitutional protections at the schoolhouse gate, the court
said in a landmark speech-rights ruling from Vietnam era.
The court has limited what students can do in subsequent cases, saying they may
not be disruptive or lewd or interfere with a school's basic educational
mission.
Frederick said his banner was a nonsensical message that he first saw on a
snowboard. He intended it to proclaim his right to say anything at all.
Frederick displayed his handiwork on a winter morning as the Olympic torch made
its way through Juneau, Alaska, en route to the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake
City.
School principal Deborah Morse said the phrase was a pro-drug message.
Frederick denied that he was advocating for drug use and brought a federal civil
rights lawsuit.
Former independent counsel Ken Starr, whose law firm represented the school
principal, called it a narrow ruling that "should not be read more broadly."
Taking issue with that, Steven R. Shapiro, national legal director of the
American Civil Liberties Union, said, "It is difficult to know what its impact
will be in other cases involving unpopular speech."
The Students for Sensible Drug Policy said it was sad that the court thought
there should be a drug exception to the First Amendment.
In their concurrence Alito and Kennedy said that the decision "goes no further
than to hold that a public school may restrict speech that a reasonable observer
would interpret as advocating illegal drug use."
Nor does it address political or social issues such as the wisdom of the war on
drugs or of legalizing marijuana for medicinal use, Alito and Kennedy said,
embracing language from Stevens' strong dissent.
Stevens said the First Amendment protects student speech if the message itself
neither violates a permissible rule nor expressly advocates conduct that is
illegal and harmful to students.
"This nonsense banner does neither," Stevens said.
Justice Stephen Breyer said the court should not have decided the First
Amendment issue, but should have simply held that Frederick's claim for monetary
damages because school officials have qualified immunity in carrying out their
duties.
Frederick, now 23, said he later had to drop out of college after his father
lost his job. The elder Frederick, who worked for the company that insures
the Juneau schools, was fired in connection with his son's legal fight, the son
said. A jury recently awarded Frank Frederick $200,000 in a lawsuit he
filed over his firing.
Joseph Frederick, who has been teaching and studying in China, pleaded guilty in
2004 to a misdemeanor charge of selling marijuana at Stephen F. Austin State
University in Nacogdoches, Texas, according to court records.
The case is Morse v. Frederick, 06-278
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