Republicans' Report
on Katrina
Assails
Administration Response
By ERIC LIPTON,
NYTimes on the Web, February 13, 2006
WASHINGTON, Feb. 12 — House
Republicans plan to issue a blistering report on Wednesday that says the Bush
administration delayed the evacuation of thousands of New Orleans residents by
failing to act quickly on early reports that the levees had broken during
Hurricane Katrina.
A draft of the report, to be issued by an 11-member, all-Republican committee,
says the Bush administration was informed on the day Hurricane Katrina hit that
the levees had been breached, even though the president and other top
administration officials earlier said that they had learned of the breach the
next day.
That delay was significant, the report says, rejecting the defense given by the
White House and the Department of Homeland Security that the time it took to
recognize the breach did not significantly affect the response.
"If the levees breached and flooded a large portion of the city, then the
flooded city would have to be completely evacuated," the draft report says.
"Any delay in confirming the breaches would result in a delay in the
post-landfall evacuation of the city." It adds that the White House itself
discounted damage reports that later proved true.
The report, by the select House committee examining the government's response to
Hurricane Katrina, is the first of three major investigations into the subject;
the others, for which reports are expected within one or two months, are being
conducted by a Senate committee and by the White House.
The House report blames all levels of government, from the White House to Gov.
Kathleen Babineaux Blanco of Louisiana to Mayor C. Ray Nagin of New Orleans, for
the delayed response to the storm.
"Our investigation revealed that Katrina was a national failure, an abdication
of the most solemn obligation to provide for the common welfare," the draft
says. "At every level — individual, corporate, philanthropic and
governmental — we failed to meet the challenge that was Katrina. In this
cautionary tale, all the little pigs built houses of straw."
A White House spokesman said that President Bush was now focused on the future,
not the past. A Department of Homeland Security spokesman said that
Michael D. Brown, the former director of the Federal Emergency Management
Agency, was partly to blame for failing to make timely reports to his superiors.
The response to Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath, in which about 1,400 people
died along the Gulf Coast, raises troubling questions about the nation's ability
to react to other threats to domestic security, the draft report says.
"If this is what happens when we have advance warning, we shudder to imagine the
consequences when we do not," the draft says, referring to the potential for a
terror attack. "Four and a half years after 9/11, America is still not
ready for prime time."
Democrats declined to appoint members to the committee, raising concerns that
the group would produce a whitewash, though several House Democrats participated
in committee discussions. After the Republican report was prepared,
Democrats praised it in a written response for being comprehensive and detailed,
though they complained that it did not hold enough individual officials
accountable and continued their call for an independent commission.
What is most disturbing about the hurricane response, the draft report says, is
that the entire catastrophe was so easily foreseen — given the weather reports
and the precarious position of New Orleans as a below-sea-level city in a major
hurricane zone — yet still the response was so flawed.
"It remains difficult to understand how government could respond so
ineffectively to a disaster that was anticipated for years, and for which
specific dire warnings had been issued for days," the report says. "This
crisis was not only predictable, it was predicted."
The homeland security secretary, Michael Chertoff, and President Bush's own
staff of White House domestic security advisers drew some of the most scathing
criticism in the report, some of the contents of which were first reported
Sunday in The Washington Post.
Mr. Chertoff, the draft report says, should have moved two days before Hurricane
Katrina hit — when the National Weather Service issued dire predictions about
the storm — to set up a special interagency leadership team to ensure that
emergency supplies and rescue squads would be in place ahead of the storm.
His department also should have done more to help evacuate the Gulf Coast, the
report says.
The Homeland Security Department, the draft report says, "failed to anticipate
the likely consequences of the storm and procure the buses, boats and aircraft
that were ultimately necessary to evacuate the flooded city prior to Katrina's
landfall."
These critical prestorm mistakes were only compounded, the draft report says,
when the department failed another vital challenge: to determine rapidly
whether the storm had breached a major levee.
A staff member from the department's Federal Emergency Management Agency who was
on the ground in New Orleans learned on Monday morning, Aug. 29, the day the
storm hit, that a major section of the 17th Street Canal levee had collapsed.
He confirmed that report by Monday evening when he flew over the collapsed levee
in a Coast Guard helicopter.
Between 10:30 p.m. and midnight, news of the finding reached Mr. Chertoff's top
deputy, the White House and the Homeland Security Operations Center, or H.S.O.C.,
which is the Washington-based nerve center for domestic incidents.
The House investigators were told by Kenneth Rapuano, the deputy homeland
security adviser to President Bush, that the administration did not immediately
act on the report because it had other dispatches suggesting that such a breach
might not have occurred.
"We weren't going to repair the levees overnight, and search and rescue was
already operating in full gear, regardless," Mr. Rapuano told the committee,
according to the draft.
But the draft says the failure to act on this report did apparently slow the
response.
"Because the H.S.O.C. failed to confirm the levee breaches on Monday," the draft
says, the first federal decision to line up buses needed to evacuate the city
did not happen until Tuesday, when the federal disaster relief worker in New
Orleans "saw the water reaching the Superdome and realized it would become an
island."
Allen Abney, a White House spokesman, said President Bush had "full confidence"
in his homeland security team and was involved in the storm response from
beginning to end.
"The president is less interested in yesterday and more interested with today
and tomorrow," Mr. Abney said, "so that we can be better prepared for next
time."
The White House declined to provide copies of e-mail messages or other
correspondence by senior advisers to the president, limiting the House
investigators' ability to understand fully the White House's role in the
response, the report says. But with the information the committee
collected, it says, it is clear that the president's office is also to blame.
"The White House failed to de-conflict varying damage assessments and discounted
information that ultimately proved accurate," the draft says. "The
president's Homeland Security team did not effectively substantiate, analyze and
act on the information at its disposal."
The draft's plainly worded criticism extends to the administrations of Governor
Blanco, a Democrat, and Mayor Nagin of New Orleans.
Mr. Nagin, the report says, waited far too long to issue a mandatory evacuation
order. The city and the state also had no reliable system to ensure that
people in nursing homes or hospitals, or the estimated 100,000 residents without
transportation, could get out of harm's way.
"Failure of complete evacuation resulted in hundreds of deaths and severe
suffering for thousands," the draft report says, adding that individuals who
remained in the city deserved part of the blame.
The response to Hurricane Katrina, the report says, ultimately was a failure of
leaders to take action.
"If 9/11 was a failure of imagination," it says, "then Katrina was a failure of
initiative."
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